RFP Response Roundtable Procurement Experts Divulge Best Practice Tips

RFP RESPONSE ROUNDTABLE: PROCUREMENT EXPERTS DIVULGE BEST PRACTICE TIPS Have you handled the world’s biggest client? The U.S. government is the biggest single buyer of merchandise and enterprises on the planet, granting roughly $500 billion in gets each year. What's more, the legislature isn’t just keen on contracting with enormous organizations. Most government organizations put in a safe spot a level of their acquisitions for independent ventures, now and then concentrating on explicit assignments like: ladies claimed private companies (WOSB), administration crippled veteran-possessed private companies (SDVOSB), and private ventures that are situated in truly underutilized business zones (HUBZone). Truth be told, 23 percent of all prime government contract dollars (totaling over $90 billion every year) are coordinated to private companies. However, you need to pay some dues to get a portion of those billions. The administration contracting process is famously overflowing with legalese and formality. Perusing a complex RFP is testing enough, however creating a well-spoken reaction that tends to all focuses can appear astounding in reality. Along these lines, we’ve gathered together a board of specialists to help slice through the language (additionally observe the glossary at the base of this post). We met experienced acquirement experts to decide the intricate details of composing a show-halting RFP reaction. They imparted insights on the best way to get your RFP reaction saw just as practices ensured to land your proposition straight in the garbage canister. Meet the Experts Kyla Moore is an agreements master for the State of Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. Brett Cook is an agreement master for the Department of Veterans Affairs. Kelly Porter is Senior Multimodal Planner at Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization. Lourdes Coss is an acquirement proficient with more than 25 years of experience, and the creator of Procurement Methods: Effective Techniques. Beth Morley showed courses in Business Communication and Advanced Business Communication at the University of Texas at Dallas, inside the Naveen Jindal School of Management. Ditty Wilson is Director of Procurement for the State of Connecticut Department of Administrative Services. Q: What are things you like to find in a proposition? Kyla: Well structured, proficient recommendations will in general outwardly stick out. Nonetheless, that doesn’t consistently mean they contain the best substance or are most appropriate to offer the types of assistance mentioned in the RFP. At long last, the recommendation that best meets the necessities and is generally beneficial to the State will be pronounced fruitful. Kelly: All errands were tended to in the proposition reaction and a one of a kind methodology is unmistakably verbalized. Clear financial plan with staff time assignments, venture timetable, and an official outline. Brett: A RFP reaction that stands apart from the group is one that as a matter of first importance has followed the â€Å"Instructions to Offerors† cautiously. Numerous organizations bypass the guidelines on what precisely they have to remember for their reaction. Additionally a reaction that looks proficient, sorted out, and one that is anything but difficult to explore (list of chapters, clear area headings, and so on.). I for one prefer to see a company’s value quote separate from the specialized proposition while submitting reactions electronically. Beth: When reacting to RFPs all in all, ensure you do essential things like spell the organization name right and set aside the effort to disclose to them that you comprehend their concern. Ensure it’s customized and tweaked to their specific issue. Show ability in their industry and that you’re not simply giving conventional answers for the issue. Song: Some organizations have it together and present their data in a truly sorted out configuration. You can tell they read the RFP, got it, and are responsive. They took as much time as is needed in understanding it and realizing what they have to give. Q: What are things that land a proposition in the reject heap? Kyla: Late recommendations are the greatest reason for dismissal in our office. Also, fragmented proposition might be regarded non-responsive. Kelly: When a proposition is non-responsive or does exclude required documentation. We follow our proposition group rules intently. Brett: Mistakes, for example, not tending to the entirety of the assessment factors, not marking and recognizing all changes to the requesting, and submitting reactions after the predetermined due date and time, all send the proposition to the reject heap. Lourdes: Disorganized proposition since that powers the council to invest a great deal of energy making sense of it so they could be somewhat disappointed. Canned proposition that are so broad you can tell that no idea was placed into it. At times individuals utilize a formerly submitted proposition and neglect to change the name of the organization †this shows an absence of tender loving care. Deficient recommendations where they don’t present the entirety of the necessary structures. Q: What are the greatest missteps you’ve seen organizations make? Beth: You need to follow headings since [government agencies] will preclude you for any seemingly insignificant detail you miss. Whatever their necessities, ensure you’ve ticked off every thing and follow their particular organization. Don’t get excessively verbal. Take a gander at the way you’re designing your proposition so you don’t give them a novella. Tune: If the RFP incorporates an example contract, read that, as well, to ensure you can consent to the terms and conditions. A few organizations simply take a gander at the value calendar and skim over the terms and conditions, which can prompt issues. This is normally because of an absence of perusing. Lourdes: Sometimes [companies] are stressed over gathering the rules on monetary limit or don’t have all their budgetary data all together, so they don’t present the necessary money related data. Here’s a proposal: [Rather than forgetting about the data altogether], state, â€Å"We’re secretly held,† offer a proportion for your absolute resources, and include, â€Å"If you need more data, you’re welcome to organize a gathering with us, and we’ll show you our space.† Q: What are temporary workers generally befuddled about in the RFP procedure? Kyla: The inquiry I will in general observe regularly is from autonomous specialists requesting that how speak to their group structure and additionally inside controls. This piece of our proposition requests that the seller give a portrayal of the proposed venture group structure and inward controls to be utilized over the span of the undertaking. Numerous autonomous experts are befuddled by this part since they are the sole individual giving the assignment. We recommend that they just recognize themselves as a sole owner that will offer a wide range of assistance recorded in the obtainment, if that is the situation. Brett: Many organizations need to meet with contracting officials or end clients at the emergency clinic in regards to explicit up and coming necessities. We can't examine points of interest before a requesting is posted openly on either FBO or GSA. This maintains certain organizations from having an uncalled for advantage when reacting to sales. The best thing an organization can do is to see sales postings every day on GSA or FBO to check whether there are necessities they are fit for reacting to. Likewise, numerous private ventures don't have the foggiest idea about the most ideal approach to get their foot in the entryway with the legislature. The best initial steps private ventures can take is to visit the Small Business Administration’s site, SBA.gov, or contact their neighborhood government agency’s contracting office to check whether they can address their Small Business Liaison. Lourdes: [Companies] experience difficulty deciphering phrasing. These structures are frequently drafted with legalese, not business language. As obtainment authorities, we advocate for less complex language however some of the time it must be composed a specific way. Acquirement authorities experience difficulty with structures that are rounded out mistakenly or deficiently. Hymn: Government doesnt make it simple. I was in private obtainment for a long time before I came here. The procedures are the equivalent yet it’s diverse in government in view of the considerable number of laws the lawyers actualize in the agreement. In Connecticut, our essential agreement is more than 30 pages in length. It threatens independent ventures to take a gander at that without employing a legal counselor. In each state there’s a PTAC, a Procurement Technical Assistance Center, supported by the state and central government. While I cannot enable a merchant to react to a RFP, these focuses can assist them with composing and react better. Q: What should organizations do when a RFI is given? Lourdes: This is your chance to offer procedures without uncovering corporate insider facts. The office most likely hasn’t even planned the issue. You can introduce instances of innovation that you’ve actualized elsewhere, and this helps the office in their manner of thinking as they’re building up the RFP necessities. This permits you to situate yourself to make your innovation and your items progressively alluring. You put yourself in a superior position on the off chance that you make the most of this see opportunity and react to the RFI. Tune: For a RFI, [government agencies] simply need data. [RFIs] dont end up as an honor, so simply share what you have, so we can gain from you and your item or administration. This empowers us to be better instructed. Q: Tips for Women-or Minority-Owned or Economically Disadvantaged Small Businesses? Lourdes: The set asides for these are normally littler activities, routine errands that are not prominent. In any case, it could be a multi-year contract. Now and again these gatherings go past the extent of the RFP and wind up being too [costly], making them less serious. Rather than estimating a Cadillac, cost inside the degree. Pose inquiries to explain the extension. At that point on the off chance that you have â€Å"value added,† you can value that independently. Tune: In Connecticut, we put in a safe spot 25% for little

The Kindergarten Idea In Architecture Construction Essay

The Kindergarten Idea In Architecture Construction Essay The kindergarten thought is considered to have started as right on time as the seventeenth century. The roots of the kindergarten thought characterize certain mentalities to pre-school training that are as yet across the board right up 'til today. The early kindergarten thought, which related ecological needs to academic needs, realized various significant design driving forces, both in advanced and natural structures. John Heinrick Pestalozzi established the primary kid focused foundation at Yverdin 1805, in light of what became basic kindergarten standards from which a few instructional methods stemmed. Fredrick Froebel Humanitarian Robert Owen set up a kid care establishment in New Lanark, Scotland. At the time youngsters more than six worked with their folks, thusly the foundation just provided food for kids under six. Staffed by medical attendants it gave a wonderful climate, in spite of the fact that its academic way of thinking was unsophisticated. All through the twentieth century one-off private kindergartens were set up in Germany, Britain, Japan and North America. These depended essentially on the Fredrick Froebel reasoning. This way of thinking began from German methods of reasoning in the nineteenth century. In Froebels hostilic reasoning, kindergartens are complimentary to home life, as juxtapose to supplanting it. The Froebel development spreads to Britain in 1871 when the principal kindergarten was worked by Sir William Mather. This was trailed by the foundation of a free kindergarten for youngsters matured somewhere in the range of 3 and 6. Huge numbers of these early Froebelian put together kindergartens were based with respect to the standards of kindergartens as an instructive organization, coming up short on any structural structure or reason. A key issue while choosing and evaluating instructive ways of thinking is the manner by which every framework presents data in the improvement of youngsters. In Froebels framework youngsters learn through play as connect to the learn, tune in, recount strategy typically utilized. Academic drawing is a significant factor. Drawing was seen by Froebel as a type of composing. The blessings and occupations His investigation of the common sciences gave him a comprehension of the association of geometric structures to the regular habitat, for example, plant structures and gems. His work in crystallographic science is said to have convinced this territory of his showing procedure, while his preparation as a modeler impacted the accentuation of exact and perpetual connections between various things as the focal idea of learning. The youngster plays with at least one geometric endowments to find its properties and the opportunities for structure. When a halt is arrived at the educator conjures at least one of the classifications to constrain another course of play. Thusly the youngster finds the structures that are conceivable with the chosen shapes. The occupations grew increasingly perplexing and complex aptitudes, for example, framing shapes from trim dirt, and utilizing sticks and rings spread out as letters as the initial move towards composing. Rachael and Margaret MacMillian Some less instructive methodologies sneaked in towards the finish of the nineteenth century, as research started into youngster practices by scholars, for example, Granville Stanley Hall and John Dewey. As this was in progress in the USA, closer to home Rachael and Margaret MacMillian started making an instructive way of thinking of their own. In 1913, in London they established an outside nursery school, in view of a progressively functional way to deal with kid care. Their methodology was to focus on the fundamental needs of kids with physical exercise and natural air as the primary need. Rudolf Steiner The requirement for creative mind, a feeling of truth and a sentiment of duty these are the three powers which are the very nerve of instruction. Rudolf Steiner was the organizer of another instructive teaching method which is still being used today. His dubious reasoning can be for the most part credited to a portion of the realities about his life and the resultant way to deal with the issue of instruction. Conceived in Croatia in 1861, Steiner started completed advanced education and proceeded into further instruction with the goal of turning into a punctuation teacher. He neglected to finish this course, however proceeded to examine theory under Johann van Goethe for quite a while. He at that point moved to Berlin and was pulled in to the ground breaking scholarly Bohemia, the laborers development and the changing strict masterminds. Here he became pioneer of an otherworldly restoration development and originator of a philosophical network that was altogether centered around his own character. In 1919, a crushed Germany achieved imaginative reasoning and the open door for Steiner to evaluate his thoughts on training in ano ther school. On 7 September 1919, he formally opened the principal Free Waldorf School as a consolidated co-instructive essential and auxiliary school for 256 youngsters drawn chiefly from the groups of laborers at the Waldorf-Astoria cigarette production line in Stuttgart (Germany). Steiners essential thoughts on training were imagined in the period somewhere in the range of 1906 and 1909 out of a way which regardless had naturalistic suggestions: Out of the quintessence of the creating singular, thoughts on training will develop, so to speak, willingly. In any case, as opposed to the way taken by Dewey and Montessori, who tried to build up their New Education on ongoing thoughts of test kid brain science, Steiner put together his instructive arrangement totally with respect to his astronomical spiritualistic human sciences as indicated by NAME (yyyy), On the off chance that we wish to distinguish the substance of the developing individual, we should set out from a thought of the concealed idea of man thusly. In Steiners instructive way of thinking the instructive development of the youngster is seen as a procedure of resurrection. In a seven-year cycle from the head through the heart to the hands training appears as development and transformation. The teacher is viewed as the plant specialist of this development. From a confidence in rebirth stems the picture of training as a guide to manifestation and profound arousing. For this situation the instructor turns into a cleric and a healer. With these instructive powers, Steiner constructed the switches that are as yet being executed by instructors and teachers in his schools and kindergartens today. These instructive ways of thinking can be separated into three principle thoughts. In the first place, the scholarly way of thinking spread by Froebel, later connected with Naturphilosophy, whereby the childs instructive and social advancement outweigh everything else. The second is the more down to earth approach made in Britains urban areas because of wellbeing worry for small kids living in these packed urban territories. This methodology depends on conditions in the past which are not as obvious in todays society, to be specific constrained kid work and extreme congestion in urban areas. The third is the Steiner instructional method. The act of this arrangement of training incorporates an expansive range of masterful and workmanship learning possibilities, a mindful mentality to youngsters and numerous open doors for cognizant support in network errands. As I would like to think Fredrick Froebels approach is unreasonably imperative to be left to the unquestioning adepts of Rudolf Steiner. Part (ii) While inquiring about the kindergarten as a structure type, obviously a considerable lot of the structures don't satisfy the requirements of the kids, for example the learning condition. As indicated by KINDERGARTEN ARCHITECTURE (yyyy) kindergartens and nursery schools are regularly managed as extra classes to existing elementary school training offices, especially in Britain, with no genuine worry for the requirements of the youngster. The significance of the structure and thusly the development materials is indispensable to making an air that underpins the childrens exercises, and subsequently improving the learning results. The structure typology should look to make a domain that supports the learning procedure by tending to issues of passionate and physical prosperity among the youngsters. This idea infers that accomplishment in learning at an early age can be connected to nature made by the materials utilized and the compositional and basic type of the structures for example an agreeable domain will encourage the learning procedure. The kindergarten is the primary spot where kids make associates with new individuals and new environmental factors, and where they become some portion of another network. Along these lines structuring a kindergarten includes making a defensive domain for youngsters, yet in addition acquainting them with another space where correspondence and articulation are sans given rule. In planning kindergartens, the structure and materials must endeavor geometry, hues and pictures proposed to inspire affiliated implications inside the childs mind. Extensively, in instructive offices in Britain, there are three development techniques utilized, with changing materials, utilized either alone or in mix with each other. These are confined development, load-bearing divider development and pre-assembled development. Encircled development use steel or solid segments and bars to help dividers and floors. Basic floors are commonly fortified solid sections or steel floor boards with concrete laid between them. This sort of development can give most extreme adaptability giving the dispersing of the segments takes into account the space required for educating zones. Burden bearing divider development is the place dividers are intended to convey the heap of any extra deck and the rooftop. These dividers are by and large built of block or solid square. All together for huge open arrangement spaces to exist in these structures extra pillars or other burden bearing components must be utilized. Pre-assembled development doesn't isolate any material. Training spaces are completely or mostly developed off-site and welcomed nearby in a state practically prepared for use. Coming up next are a couple of instances of various kindergartens and there development strategies. There is significantly more space took into consideration in these cutting edge kindergartens than in any convention

Discuss An Ethical Dilemma In The Practice Of Public Health Such As

Discuss An Ethical Dilemma In The Practice Of Public Health Such As Discuss An Ethical Dilemma In The Practice Of Public Health Such As: Does Public Health Infringe On â€" Essay Example > Conducting Public Health Research on Indigenous AustraliansShould Australian public health officials be able to conduct research on Aboriginal Australians? This seems like a question that has a straightforward answer. Why not, since Aboriginals are also Australians, inhabitants on Australia before Europeans took over control. Actually, the history of the Australian government and its relationship with Aboriginals leaves a lot of room for scepticism whether those in mainstream Australian society can be trusted to do research on Aboriginals without infringing on their rights. There is no question that most researchers pride themselves on their objectivity and commitment to the truth. Also, the work of researchers, especially those in the public health arena, can be of direct benefit to the subjects in particular and to society as a whole when the results lead to changes in habit, the development of medication or health policies that improve the well-being of all in a community or a society. To understand why such a simple question as whether Australian mainstream researchers ought to be able to conduct research on Aboriginal populations one has to revisit the events in another country and in another era, the famous Tuskegee syphilis experiment in the United States, and draw parallels that will resonate with anyone who cares both about the health of Aboriginals and the future of Australia as a nation that deserves respect in the world. This paper argues that in order for those in mainstream Australia to regain the trust of the Aboriginal community independent referees chosen by Aboriginal leaders and perhaps with the input of the United Nations need to oversee any research involving Aboriginals. The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis (TSUS), though embedded in medicine and research, highlights some of the grim realities of America and what disregard for the lives of others can lead to. More than just being a classic case of neglect or disregard for the live s of others, this case showed in crystal clear terms that some of those in the mainstream placed no value at all on the lives of black people. In that study, which ran between 1932 and 1972 a study was conducted by the U. S. Public Health Service (USPHS) in rural Alabama. The study involved two groups of African-American men with syphilis who were followed through their lives up to death and autopsy. The control group comprised about 200 apparently non-syphilitic men of African-American heritage (White 2002). The main purpose of the study was to find out what syphilis does to the body. In other words, the government, which conducted the study, had not really been interested in treating the subjects of the study. The people who were enrolled in the study were told that they had “bad blood” and that they were being treated for it. Many of the African-Americans in the study were illiterate and thus they easily accepted what the government told them. “Bad blood, ” after all, w as a local term used to describe various illnesses including syphilis, anaemia, and even fatigue (Remembering Tuskegee 2002). In fairness, when the study began, there was no treatment for syphilis. By 1947, however, penicillin had become a fairly standard treatment for syphilis but the government did not provide the African-American syphilis subjects with the treatment. “For participating in the study, the men were given free medical exams, free meals and free burial insurance” (Remembering Tuskegee 2002). This was really the only “benefit” that the enrollees got for their participation, not the glory of contributing to some useful scientific or public health agenda and research. By the time the story was leaked to the media, forty years had passed, and most of the men were dead. Not only that, many wives and children had succumbed to infection.

Review Of Eveline By James Joyce - 1684 Words

James Joyce’s short story, â€Å"Eveline,† displayed Eveline’s indecisiveness on whether to leave home or stay at home. In the first part of the story, Eveline lost the physical presence of her family and friends; they either preceded in death or moved to another place. As she tried to develop her new life with her father, she noticed her father’s violent actions that she does all she can to escape the violence (Joyce, par. 9). When she explored life with Frank, she developed feelings for Frank in order to escape home. However, Joyce ended the story with her motionless as the boat takes Frank without her. This leaves readers wondering what happened to Eveline. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic criticism gives readers insight of what happened to†¦show more content†¦Not only does the id contained the darkest wishes, it also contained her fears, mostly from her father. Joyce developed the father’s character by saying that Eveline’s father â€Å"was not so bad then.† (Joyce, par. 2). However, as Eveline became nineteen, Joyce explained the father’s change of character, as Eveline â€Å"felt in danger of her father’s violence.† As a little girl, she saw her father â€Å"go for† her brothers, Harry and Ernest; as Eveline became a mature girl, her father would threaten her to â€Å"do to her only for her mother’s sake,† leaving her defenseless against her father’s violence (Joyce, par. 9). In addition, her father met with Frank and quarreled against him, leaving her to keep her affair a secret (Joyce, par. 12). The change in her relationship with her father gave her intense fears that she could suffer the same fate as her mother. With her experience of the deaths of her family and friends and the abuse of her father, her deep desire to leave home came from those past experiences. However, her treatment of love and respect from Frank gave her expectations for better things in her life; those expectations are home to her where she can experience love, as she did long ago, and a husband she found attractive that will give her respect, different from her mother. The id makes this her first priority and ultimate mission in the story so Eveline can find happiness at all costs. Freud’s secondShow MoreRelated Acceptance of Loss in Eveline and Hills Like White Elephants1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe End of Love and Acceptance of Loss in â€Å"Eveline† by James Joyce and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway At least once in a lifetime, most people will experience the end of a love and have to deal with the difficulties of moving on. The end of a romance can occur either through choosing to leave your other half or being the one who is left. 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The Thoughts Of Assisted Suicide - 1582 Words

The thoughts of assisted suicide are very mixed. Some people believe that it is a great way to put terminally-ill patients out of the their pain and suffering. They see it as a way for a person to die with dignity after suffering from a painful disease. Others think it is beyond morally wrong for a doctor to intentionally end a patient’s life. They feel that a doctor should not have unnecessary deaths riding, on their shoulders the rest of their career. Assisted suicide goes way beyond the beliefs of medicine and is morally wrong in so many ways. Assisted Suicide/ Euthanasia is wrong and should not be allowed to be a law. Families shouldn’t have to go through that pain of their family member killing themselves because they hate the pain they are going through. The pain will go away with time and there is medicine for any kind of pain. 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Now, put yourself into his shoes. Would you choose to live the rest of your days in pain, or would you choose to die with a sense of dignity? Physician-assisted suicide has been prohibited for many years. Numerous physicians have given their input on the subject, enlightening a multitude of people on the fundamentals of assisted-suicide. OthersRead MoreThe Right to Commit Physician-Assisted Suicide1685 Words   |  7 PagesThe Right to Commit Physician-Assisted Suicide Physician-assisted suicide is suicide by a patient facilitated by means or information (as a drug prescription or indication of the lethal dosage) provided by a physician who is aware of how the patient intends to use such means or information (â€Å"Physician-assisted suicide†). Physician-assisted suicide should be accessible to the incurably ill patient. Allowing a patient to have this freedom could, for one, bypass tremendous pain and suffering.Read MoreAssisted Suicide Is Not Common For All Areas Throughout The United States890 Words   |  4 PagesAssisted Suicide Imagine being diagnosed with a life-ending disease and experiencing such excruciating pain that doctors say cannot be healed. Pain is a terrible thing to experience, especially when it is permanent. What can be done to relieve that pain? What if the only option to rid the pain from the patient is death? No one knows how that feels until it happens to them, that is why assisted suicide is used. Assisted suicide is a practice throughout most of the United States that terminatesRead MoreAssisted Suicide For People With A Cid901 Words   |  4 PagesAfter viewing the Not Dead Yet website, the readings, and refreshing my memory on what I know about assisted suicide, I do not support assisted suicide for people with a CID. The reason for my answer is that I cannot support an individual who would commit suicide, or request assisted suicide. The two are basically the same thing as an individual ending their life, because of a health and/or mental issue. We all were given life for a reas on. It is not destined for all of us to live forever; it may

An Overview of The Sport Astroturf Free Essays

levels, athletes may no longer be seen as just people, but more as expensive liabilities. The health of these athletes become more and more important as it is not only their health which is on the line, but also millions of dollars. Injuries do occur in sports, especially contact sports, but astroturf increases these odds of injury. We will write a custom essay sample on An Overview of The Sport: Astroturf or any similar topic only for you Order Now It will be shown that astroturf causes increased wear on the body and an increased number of, as well as more severe injuries. Because of this, safer alternatives should be used in the stadiums. Astroturf is an unsafe surface to play on and should not be used by athletes. The wear on a players body after a game is incredible, so new innovations are always being created to lessen the impact of the sport on the athletes body; better shoes, more protective pads. These things allow the athlete to compete at the same level, but at the end of the game be in better condition to play in the next one. If this is the case, then owners of teams should consider getting rid of their artificial turf. Astroturf increases wear and tear on the body and causes more minor injuries than grass. This wearing down of the body would lead to quicker fatigue and decreased performance. Ever since astroturf was introduced, people have been complaining about its effects and these complaints are heard even louder in this era. â€Å"Athletes blame artificial turf for tendinitis, shin splints, and broken bones. † (Schrier,1987) Warren Sapp of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers is one of many football players who suffers from the effects of the astroturf. He says, It feels like you’ve been running on bricks for two miles, your knees are real sore and usually you come out with nine or 10 crapes and you don’t even know it until you get into the shower and it’s burning like hell. † (Wharton, 1999) Sapp’s pain comes from the fact that running on astroturf is only a little better than running on asphalt. Astroturf is made of nylon fibers which are five-eighths of an inch long stitched into a tightly woven mat. It is then laid over a five-eighths-inch-thick foam pad for cushioning and glued to an asphalt base. (Schrier,1987) So all that separates the athlete from asphalt is less than two inches of rubber. The other problem which Sapp mentions is â€Å"turf burn†. Since nylon resists tearing it also means that superficial wounds are more likely to occur. Though these wounds are not detrimental to the immediate health of the athlete they are painful and do affect the performance and possibly the longevity of the athlete’s career. Steve Young of the San Francisco 49er’s says, It’s not easy playing on your back patio. If you wonder what playing on artificial turf is like, go out there and fall down a couple of times. Then do what we do – run and scrape across. â€Å"(Unknown,1998) These ill feelings toward artificial turf are felt throughout the NFL. Another player described it as, â€Å"sandpaper laid over concrete. A poll done in 1994 revealed that ninety-six percent of more than nine-hundred players said artificial turf leaves them feeling sorer than after playing on grass. Ninety-four percent believe turf is more likely to contribute to an injury and half the players identified a previous injury they believed to be caused by astroturf. And many of these injuries are serious injuries; there have been many season ending and career ending injuries on turf. These more serious injuries though are the primary reason why artificial turf should not be used in stadiums. A Cornell University study showed that, †¦ foot and knee injuries occur on synthetic turf about 50 percent more than on grass. And when injuries do occur, they often are more serious and difficult to heal than those that occur on This was the case for three premier players in the NFL this season as Vinny Testaverde, Wayne Chrebet and Jamal Anderson were all severely injured because of Astroturf. The players were severely injured in a situation where there was no contact with other players. In Chrebet’s case two trainers said they had no doubt in their minds that he broke his foot because of the surface and nothing more. (Kirwan,1999) In the former two cases what occurred was â€Å"foot lock†. The friction between the shoe and the turf was too great and so as the players tried to cut their foot stayed, but the rest of the body kept moving. This would not have happened on grass Dr. Willibald Nagler of Cornell University explains, â€Å"When you play tennis on a soft court, you can slide into the stroke. That takes a lot of stress away from the ankle and knee. Grass allows you to slide too, a tiny bit, but it suffices, the same for football. † (Bernard,1996) So when making a cut, the foot will not give stay planted and the injury will not occur. Nagler goes on to say, Football on grass results in fewer ligamentous injuries, and those that do occur are not as severe, according to the published scientific articles. Furthermore, synthetic turf may exacerbate existing injuries, or make healing take longer. (Bernard,1996) These ligamentous injuries are usually the most severe injuries to occur because of the artificial turf. In an interview with Dr. Wayne Woodland, he explained that, â€Å"there is also an increased risk of concussions, and the turf causes many athletes to get turf toe. † Turf toe is a strain to the ligament in the big toe which is not only likely to reoccur, but it can also be a serious injury. Deion Sanders was lost for the end of last years season and was required to have surgery to fix the injury and the Atlanta Falcon’s Chuck Smith missed more than a month this season with the injury. Even more disturbing than the obvious increase in injuries is that there are at least three deaths and several more cases of paralysis which have been blamed on artificial turf. Players in the NFL are so livid about not wanting to play on artificial turf that in the past, the NFLPA have filed numerous lawsuits trying to get artificial turf labelled a â€Å"hazardous substance†. With the advancements of technology, astroturf needs to be replaced with something which is safer and less punishing for the players. In most cases this alternative is grass. Though, many stadiums will not switch to grass due to the economics of the situation. Grass is expensive to maintain and will limit the income of the stadium by limiting the erformances that can be put on there, such as concerts. Many people feel that the controlled environment is needed to allow for a better game. Players are looking for the safety of grass combined with a controlled environment and low cost. There are now many products on the market which claim to meet these standards. A new company called Fieldturf, in alliance with Nike, has released a product which more closely resembles the texture and response of grass. It is made of synthetic blades and is held up byan artificial dirt composed of silica and ubber that can be made of recycled running shoes. John Ingram, the Nebraska Cornhuskers’ director of athletic facilities says that, â€Å"It is the closest thing to natural grass I’ve seen,† (Barnes,1999) The Cornhuskers’ played their entire season on the field and did not have any injuries this year. This coupled with the controllable environment made the players and management happy with the field. This new field may be the wave of the future as not only is it cheaper than grass and astroturf, but it is durable and safe. In a study done by Dr. Bill Barnhill, he found that Fieldturf had less than fifty percent fewer injuries than grass and seventy-five percent fewer than astroturf. Of these injuries, ninety-three percent were minor injuries resulting in fewer than seven days lost. Though some naturalists may not like the idea, the Fieldturf system and other systems soon like it may begin to make grass and even astroturf obsolete saving people money and players from injury. Injuries to players such as Vinny Testaverde and Jamal Anderson should not occur. Artificial turfs are dangerous and should not be used in any situation. The studies of injuries in professional athletes on grass compared to turf clearly demonstrate the risk that athletes are at when playing on these surfaces. Whether they are small or large, many of them should not happen and would not happen if the surface would have been on grass or the newer, more innovative surfaces. Management should recognize that they are paying their athletes millions of dollars and should be put in a situation where they will perform and continue to perform to their expectations for many years. How to cite An Overview of The Sport: Astroturf, Essay examples

Public Policy vs. Social Norms and Corruption

Inefficient Public Policy in Sub-Sahara Africa An efficient public policy in Sub-Saharan Africa stands as an elusive solution to mismanagement of resources amid chronic poverty. In an age when the rise of Africa to the middle-income status looks imminent, authorities must invest efforts to provide solutions in public policy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Policy vs. Social Norms and Corruption specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Corruption that stifles development and the culture of impunity thriving across Sub-Saharan Africa must subside if the gains of imminent rise will suffice. Authorities must make efforts in curbing corruption and supporting reforms in social norms by providing necessary facilitation. In this regard, prominent anticorruption steps suitable for prescription, strengthening institutions, civil service, and economic reforms must appear in the public sector. Strengthening Public Institution s Public institutions suffer the blunt of corruption and impunity from an inefficient public service system. Therefore, weaker regulations must pave the way to vibrant systems that add value to the economies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Political processes enshrined in democratic values of integrity and accountability must continue to shape the institutional framework in the region. Instability in political transition across many jurisdictions in the region poses inherent weakness in public institutions due to the vacuum in political goodwill (Okogbule 92). The author proposes effective civilian administration with strong democratic systems such as legislation for laws curbing corruption. Civil Service Reform Corruption thrives in the absence of checks and balances occasioned by a vibrant civil society, making civil services a necessity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Democratic space witnessed in the west supports the civil service activities that facilitate constant checks in the public sector. Cases of corruption subside in an environment with a vibrant civil service, which must guide reforms needed in Sub-Saharan Africa (Fearon 114). Unionism and activism for various reform issues, especially with regard to integrity and accountability will prove influential in introducing reforms. Gains achieved among emerging democracies in Sub-Saharan Africa such as Kenya and Ghana rest in the hands of civilian watch. Therefore, involvement of civilians in transformation of the society will continue to provide desired social changes devoid of corrupt tendencies (Otusanya 176). Economic Reforms Economic processes in Sub-Saharan Africa require transformations to correspond with the rest of the global economy. In view of the needed economic reforms, bottlenecks in economies must not stand in the way of elimination of corruption opportunities. Bureaucracies provide bottlenecks in the smooth running of economic policies, which creates leakages of national resources into pockets of a few in dividuals.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Trade tariffs, on the other hand, restrict free trade among Sub-Saharan Africa nations, opening routes for lucrative contraband dealings among corrupt officials. Unified markets and fewer restrictions in the region continue to evade realization of open business opportunities for African nations. Corrupt trade officials taking charge of inefficient systems pose an enormous challenge in the introduction of credible practices to benefit the entire region. In the case of Sierra Leone, one of the strongest challenge facing social change and accountability perhaps, relates to the lack of strong institutions. The lack of strong anti-corruption institutions conspicuously manifests in the lack of support from enforcement environment in different corruption loopholes. As studies conducted by Rodgers (268) indicate, illegal mining and dealing in gold o ccasioned the gruesome rebel war in Sierra Leone. In view of the inefficiencies witnessed in the illegal diamonds trade, prescription for sufficient remedy comes from the presence of institutional oversight. Political and civil institutions in Sierra Leone could stop the escalation of illegal trade to a full-blown rebel war. The choice of this prescription supports the premise that strong institutional background will stop illegal trade processes at some stage and eliminate corruption. Works Cited Fearon, D. James. â€Å"International Financial Institutions and Economic Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa.† Journal of Modern African Studies 26. 1(1988): 113-137. Print Okogbule, S. Nlerum. â€Å"An Appraisal of the Legal and Institutional Framework for Combating Corruption in Nigeria.† Journal of Financial Crime 13.1(2006): 92-106. Print Otusanya, J. Olatunde. â€Å"An Investigation of the Financial Criminal Practices of the Elite in Developing Countries: Evidence from Nigeria.† Journal of Financial Crime 19.2(2012): 175-206. Print Rodgers, J. Elizabeth. â€Å"Conflict Diamonds: Certification and Corruption: A Case Study of Sierra Leone.† Journal of Financial Crime 13.3(2006): 267-276. PrintAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Policy vs. Social Norms and Corruption specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Public Policy vs. Social Norms and Corruption was written and submitted by user Josue Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.